1. In vitro gametogenesis (IVG)
2. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)
3. Embryo editing
4. Artificial wombs
Current state of development within the Gattaca stack:
Mouse iPSC-derived gametes produce live offspring; human oocyte and sperm maturation is incomplete. Human iPSC-based embryo models mimic early development but are not viable. 5 to 10 years for clinical use.
Routine in IVF for aneuploidy and genetic disorders, using blastocyst biopsy and next-generation sequencing (NGS). High accuracy. Widely available in clinical settings.
CRISPR-based editing of human embryos in research, but off-target risks and bans on reproductive use limit clinical applications. 2 to 5 years for clinical use in permissive jurisdictions.
Biobag-like systems support preterm lambs; human trials for neonates near. 10 to 20 years for full ectogenesis.